Malignant Melanoma - It is projected that this most deadly of all skin cancers will develop on the skin of 44,000 Americans annually. Every year, an estimated 7,300 Americans will die from melanoma. It is important to note that the death rate is at last declining because patients are seeking help earlier. Like the less aggressive skin cancers, basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, melanoma is almost always curable when detected in its early stages.

Melanoma has its beginnings in melanocytes, the skin cells that produce the dark, protective pigment called melanin. It is melanin that makes the skin tan, acting as partial protection against sun. Melanoma cells usually continue to produce melanin, which accounts for the cancers appearing in mixed shades oftan, brown and black. Melanoma can also be red or white. Melanoma tends to spread, making treatment essential.

Melanoma may suddenly appear without warning but it may also begin in or near a mole or other dark spot in the skin. It is important to know the location and appearance of the moles on our bodies so any change will be noticed. The most important step you can take is to have any changing mole examined by a dermatologist so that any early melanoma can be removed while still in the curable stage.

Excessive sun exposure, particularly sunburn, is the most importantpreventable cause ofmelanoma, especially among light-skinned individuals. Heredity also plays a part since a person has an increased chance of developing melanoma if a family member has had melanoma. Atypical moles (dyplastic nevi), which may run in families, and a high number of moles can serve as markers fo rpeople at higher risk for developing melanoma.

Dark brown or black skin is not a guarantee against melanoma. Dark-skinned people can develop melanoma, especially on the palms ofthe hands, soles of the feet, under nails, or in the mouth. Warning signs of melanoma include: changes in the surface of a mole; scaliness, oozing, bleeding or the appearance of a new bump; spread of pigment from the border into surrounding skin; and change in sensation including itchiness, tenderness, or pain.

Prevention of melanoma/skin cancer is the best weapon against these diseases. But if a melanoma should develop, it is almost always curable if caught in the early stages. Practice periodic self-examination to aid in early recognition of any new or developing lesion. The following is one way of self-examination that will ensure that no area of the body is neglected. To perform your self-examination you will need a full length mirror, a hand mirror and a brightly-lit room.